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The Terracotta Army, also known as the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, is a collection of life-size sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China. The army was buried with the emperor in 210-209 BCE and was discovered in 1974 by local farmers in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.

The Terracotta Army consists of over 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses, and 150 cavalry horses, all made of terracotta. The soldiers are arranged in battle formation in three pits covering an area of 22,000 square meters. Each soldier has unique facial features, hairstyles, and clothing, indicating their rank and position in the army.

The Terracotta Army was created to protect the emperor in the afterlife. It was believed that the emperor needed an army to defend him from enemies and evil spirits in the underworld. The army was also a symbol of the emperor's power and authority during his lifetime.

The construction of the Terracotta Army began in 246 BCE when Qin Shi Huang was only 13 years old. It took over 700,000 workers and craftsmen 38 years to complete the project. The soldiers were made by hand using molds and fired in kilns. After firing, they were painted with bright colors, but most of the paint has faded over time.

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The discovery of the Terracotta Army was a major archaeological breakthrough. It provided valuable insights into the military, political, and artistic achievements of the Qin Dynasty. The site has become a popular tourist attraction, attracting millions of visitors each year.

However, the preservation of the Terracotta Army is still a major challenge. The exposure to air and light has caused damage to the sculptures, and the soil in the pits is unstable. The Chinese government has taken measures to protect the site, including limiting the number of visitors and installing a ventilation system.

In conclusion, the Terracotta Army is one of the most significant archaeological discoveries in history. It is a testament to the creativity, skill, and dedication of the craftsmen and workers who created it over 2,000 years ago. Its importance to Chinese culture and history cannot be overstated, and it will continue to fascinate and inspire people from all over the world for generations to come.